No new technology develops smoothly, and video conferencing had more than its share of bumps along the way, before the widely used communications staple it is today. The history of video conferencing in its earliest form goes back to the 1960's, when AT & T introduced the Picture Phone at the World Fair in New York. While regarded as a fascinating curiosity, it never became popular and was too expensive, most convenient for consumers when it offered $ 160 a month1970th
Commercial use of real video conferencing was first with the demonstration of Ericsson's first trans-Atlantic LME video realized call. Soon other companies also began refining video conferencing technologies, including such advancements as network video protocol (NVP) in 1976 and packet video protocol (PVP) in 1981. None of these transactions were put into operation, however, and remained in the lab or use private companies.
In 1976, Nippon Telegraph and Telephoneformed using video conferencing (VC) between Tokyo and Osaka for company. IBM Japan followed in 1982 by establishing VC running at 48000bps to familiarize yourself with already established internal IBM video conferencing links in the United States so that they could have weekly meetings.
In 1980 to introduce commercial video conferencing
In 1982, Compression Labs introduces their VC system in the world for $ 250,000 with lines for $ 1,000 per hour. The system was huge and usedenormous resources capable of tripping 15 A circuit breakers. However, it was the only working VC system available until PictureTel's VC on the market in 1986 with their substantially cheaper $ 80,000 with $ 100 per hour lines.
In the period between these two systems are commercially available, there were also other video conferencing systems are being developed, which never offered commercially. The history of video conferencing is not complete without mentioning that these systems have beeneither prototypes or specially designed for in-house use by a variety of companies or organizations, including the military. Around 1984 was the Datapoint Datapoint MINX system placed on their Texas campus, and the system of the military are available.
In the late 1980's, Mitsubishi began selling a still-picture phone that was basically a flop in the market. They threw the line two years after the introduction. In 1991, the first PC-based video conferencing systemwas introduced by IBM - PicTel. It was a black and white system, which at the time an incredibly low $ 30 per hour for the lines, while the system itself was $ 20,000. In June of that year DARTnet had successfully connected a transcontinental IP network of more than a dozen research institutions in the United States and Britain over T1 trunks. Today DARTnet in the Cairn system, which connects dozens of institutions developed.
CU-SeeMe revolutionizes videoConferencing
One of the most famous in the history of video conferencing systems, which developed the CU-SeeMe for the Macintosh system in 1992. Although the first version does not have audio, it was the best video system developed at this time. Until 1993, the MAC program had multipoint capability, and in 1994, CU-SeeMe MAC was video conferencing with audio. Recognition of the limits of Mac compatibility in a Windows world, worked diligently to developers roll out in April 1994CU-SeeMe for Windows (without sound), followed closely by the audio version of CU-SeeMe v0.66b1 for Windows in August 1995.
In 1992, AT & T rolled their own $ 1,500 video phone for the domestic market. It was a borderline success. Occurred in the same year the world's first MBone audio / video transfer, and in July INRIA videoconferencing system was introduced. This is the year that saw the first real explosion in video conferencing for businesses around the world and eventually led tothe standards developed by the ITU.
International Telecommunications Union develops coding standards
The International Telecommunications Union (ITU) began developing standards for video conferencing coding in 1996 when they established Standard H.263 to reduce bandwidth for transmission of low bitrate communication. Other standards were developed, including H.323 for packet-based multi-media communications. These are a variety of other telecommunications standardsbeen revised and updated in 1998. In 1999, developing standard MPEG-4 from the Moving Picture Experts Group as an ISO standard for multimedia content.
In 1993, vocal chat Novell IPX networks to their video conferencing system, but it was doomed to failure and not the last. Microsoft finally came on board the moving train videoconference with NetMeeting, a descendent of PictureTel LiveShare Plus, in August of 1996 (although it does not have video in thisVersion). In December of that year, Microsoft NetMeeting v2.0b2 with video had been released. That same month, VocalTec Internet Phone v4.0 for Windows was introduced.
VRVS links global research centers
The Virtual Room Videoconferencing System (VRVS) project at Caltech-CERN began in July 1997. They developed the VRVS specifically to provide video conferencing to researchers on the Large Hadron Collider Project and scientists in the High Energy and Nuclear SafetyPhysics community in the U.S. and Europe. It became so successful that seed money has been allotted for phase two, CALR-2, to improve and expand those already in place VRVS system in order to expand it to encompass geneticists, doctors, and a host of other scientists in video-conferences around the world.
Cornell University's development team released CU-SeeMe v1.0 in 1998. This color video version is compatible with Windows and Macintosh compatible, and huge step forwardin PC video conferencing. In May this year the team has moved on to other projects.
In February 1999, the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP was created) by mmusic to life. The platform showed some advantages over H.323 that user appreciated and soon made it almost as popular. 1999 was a very eventful year, with NetMeeting V3.0B coming out, followed quickly by version three of the ITU standard H.323. Then came the release of iVisit v2.3b5 for both Windows and Mac, followed by Media GatewayControl Protocol (MGCP), Version 1 In December, Microsoft has released a service pack for NetMeeting v3.01 (4.4.3388) and an ISO-standard MPEG-4 version two was released. Finally PSInet the first company to launch H.323 automated multipoint services was. As I said, 1999 was a very busy year.
SIP version 1.30 came in November 2000, the same year, standard H.323 hit version 4, and Samsung released their MPEG-4 streaming 3G video mobile phone, the first of itskind. It was a hit, especially in Japan. Was rather unpredictable, Microsoft NetMeeting had to another service pack for version 3.01 version.
In 2001, Windows XP messenger announced that it would now support Session Initiation Protocol. This was the same year the world's first transatlantic tele-surgery was conducted using videoconferencing. In this case, videoconferencing by a doctor in the U.S., means for a robot to use overseas to perform gall bladder surgery toa patient. It was not one of the most compelling-business uses in the history of video conferencing, and brought the technology to the attention of the medical profession and the general public.
In October 2001 television journalist began with a portable satellite and live a videophone to broadcast from Afghanistan during the war. It was the first use of video conferencing technology to converse live with video with someone in a war zone, again video-conferencing, which bringsForefront of people's imagination.
Founded in December 2001 and the Joint Video Team completed basic research leading to ITU-T H.264 by December 2002. This protocol standardized video compression technology for MPEG-4 and ITU-T over a wide range of applications, making it more versatile than its predecessor. In March 2003, the new technology for the start in the industry was ready.
New applications for video conferencing technologies
2003,saw the rise in the use of video conferencing for off-campus classrooms. Interactive classrooms became more popular as increases the quality of streaming video and reduces the delay. Companies such as VBrick provided various MPEG-4 systems to colleges across the country. Desktop video conferencing is also on the rise and gaining popularity.
Companies newer to the market are now refining the details of performance in addition to the nuts and bolts of transmission. In April 2004,Applied Global Technologies developed a voice-activated camera for use in video conferences that focus on the voice of various speakers permit in order to talk to, who, during a conference call. In March 2004 the release of Linux GnomeMeeting announced an H.323-compliant, NetMeeting conferencing platform that is compatible.
With the constant advances in video conferencing systems, it seems obvious that the technology will be to develop further and strongerPart of the business and private life. As new advances are made and systems are increasingly considered cheap, you know that decisions are still of network type, system requirements and what your needs are, in particular conferences will be set.
This article on "The History of Video Conferencing" reprinted with permission.
Copyright © 2004 Evaluseek Publishing.
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